How is a tight achilles tendon diagnosed, what causes it, and how it can be treated?

See below...: The diagnosis is clinical- depending on the range of motion and level of pain. Causes are many from genetics, to inactivity to injury to biomechanics. Treatment starts with aggressive stretching, possible physical therapy, and if it's a real problem, surgery.

Physical exam: A thorough physical examination is required to determine the exact etiologies of a tight achilles tendon. There are many causes for achilles tightness. Frequently, root cause notwithstanding, the primary instigator of achilles tendon tightness is an associated tight calf muscle. The treatment for this can range from stretching to casting to surgery depending on symptoms and severity.