Very painful bump on soft palate of my mouth what is it and how do i get it to go away?

Difficult to: say without it being examined. See your dentist asap for diagnosis and treatment advise.

Need to get an exam!: There are so many things that it could be from your description. It is best for you to get an exam from a dentist. Knowing what it is is important, plus you can get relief from your pain!

Examination: So many possibilities from a simple cut/scrape or burn, to more serious infection, to a neoplasm. Literally hundreds ion possibilities. Cannot make a diagnosis based on "painful bump." Need more information and a thorough examination. Please call your Dentist, an Oral Surgeon, your Physician, or an ENT to start the diagnostic process.