Can over extending your tongue damage any muscles or anything in throat? anytime i stick my tongue out or move my tongue side to side the back of my tongue hurts. what could it be? should i be concerned?

Any over extension of the tongue normally should not hurt. This needs to be checked and may need multiple specialties like an Oral and Maxillofacial surgeon and / or an ENT.

Your tongue is a muscle, so any strain on it can cause trauma like any other muscle. Learn to control your tongue movements so you don't strain your four intrinsic muscles. Try sucking on mints or chewing sugarless gum.