Can eating something as little as half a bagel raise blood sugar levels? my bloodwork was taken about 2 hours after i ate, and my blood sugar was 130?

Yes, it could raise your blood sugar. Bread, pasta, rice, and potatoes, have a higher glycemic index than plain sucrose sugar.

If you are concerned, you should get a fasting blood glucose test done an accredited laboratory, not a glucometer. For healthy diet: http://www.choosemyplate.gov/., exercise 30 minutes/day, drink enough water daily so your urine is mostly colorless, have safe sex, no tobacco alcohol weed or street drugs. Get HPV and Covid vaccines. Wish you good health!