Is there a reliable way to see lung blebs without surgery? and if you can see them, can you reliably predict the likelihood that they'll rupture?

Yes and no: Blebs are best seen on ct scans of your chest, but nothing (short of a prior history of "rupture") can reliably predict future rupture.

Sometimes: If large enough, ct scan can identify blebs and bullae. There is no way to predict spontaneous pneumothorax, "rupture". If someone has blebs and is planning higher risk activities such as mountain climbing, skydiving, scuba diving, etc... Best to discuss with family physician and consider thoracic surgeon consultation.