Can high blood sugar cause muscle pain?

Indirectly: Prolonged exposure to high blood glucose can mostly cause nerve damage. One type is peripheral neuropathy which can cause numbness and tingling (painful), another is focal neuropathy which affects specific nerves. There are other types as well. Patients with high blood sugar also are at increased risk of developing tendonitis/bursitis/joint pain. These could indirectly cause muscle pain.

Dehydration: If you've become dehydrated as a result of chronically elevated blood sugars you may also need to consider how that could affect your muscle. Rhabdomyolysis can occur in people who are dehydrated regardless of cause. Patients will often notice their urine might have a brownish color to it. If you have muscle pain, please see your doctor. Other things also have to be considered.