Is it possible for aerobic endurance to translate to anaerobic endurance?

No: Good to get aerobic endurance first. Then do interval training . Then decrease periods between intervals, and extend duration of interval. Very stepwise and planned to maximize effect and minimize injury. Be sure to insert a period of recovery as you move ahead-- 7-10 days if training hard. Good Luck.

2 different systems: The anaerobic work uses the metabolic chemicals present in your muscles, while the aerobic ('with oxygen') uses oxygen to metabolize glucose. These are two completely different systems.