Can certain cells of the immune system attack without causing auto antibodies but still cause an autoimmune disease and what cells can do this?

Yes!: Natural killer cells and t cells are just 2 examples of "cell mediated immunity", that do not require antibodies for activation, but usually cytokines and other mediators stimulate ; magnify the immune response. The target organs effected often provide clues as to which processes may be activated and can often leave diagnostic trails that can be tested. Consult a specialist for the organ involved.