Can drinking alcohol once a year affect muscle growth and development?

Short answer is no.: Once a year drinking should not. As you are a 33 yo male, hopefully you are well past puberty and legal drinking age is beyond puberty and growing ages for children in the USA.

No: If you are an adult, having an alcoholic drink once a year will not affect your growth or development. Obviously, children should not have any alcohol- for a variety of reasons.