Would a standard urine culture test detect stds or is a specific urine culture test needed to detect for stds?

No and no, a swab or urine test ( other than culture) are used for some STD's and blood tests for others. A urine culture is typically run to rule in or out a urinary tract infection.

urine culture test detects only what infects the urine in a voided specimen. STD tests are specific tests which may be done on urine or discharge from the urinary/ vaginal tract