When and how was autologous blood donation and transfusion started?

Likely 20th century.: The era of modern blood transfusion likely started in 1901, when the austrian karl landsteiner discovered human blood groups and made them safer. The first non-direct transfusion was done on march 27, 1914 by the belgian doctor albert hustin, though this was a diluted solution of blood. Since then many improvements were made to result in the modern system of today, including autologous methods.