What do the red blood cells look like under the microscope in iron deficiency and in pernicious anemia? any other blood cells affected?

Two distinct looks..: Fe deficiency causes a hypochromic microcytic anemia, which means the cells are smaller than normal and have decreased pigment. The zone of central clearing in a red cell (normally 1/3 its diameter) is significantly increased. In pernicious anemia, the red cells are enlarged (aka, macrocytic). You may also see changes in neutrophils, such as increased nuclear segmentation (>6).