Can parathyroid adenomas come back after surgery?

Rarely: Most parathyroid tumors are singletons. Rarely you could have 2 adenomas from the remaining glands. Some genetic syndromes predispose you. Have your doctor monitor your calcium.

Yes and No: If part of an adenoma was left behind it can grow back. If you had another gland that was enlarging but not detected then you may have the problem again. Depends on what extent of surgery you had the first time. If the surgeon saw all four glands it is unusual to get recurrence. If you had a so called minimally invasive operation the later recurrence rate is much higher!

Parathyroid adenomas: They do not come back after a successful surgery. Here are the possibilities: the surgery was unsuccessful, there was a second unappreciated adenoma, or all 4 parathyroid glands are enlarged and overproducing PTH.