What would cause a sudden intense sense of vertigo that lasts for a moment, followed by slight weakness around right eye, right hand, and right sided headache and momentary jaw pain? dizziness and nausea lasting for about 15 minutes afterward?

Sounds suggestive of some form of Seizure Disorder . A visit to the PCP and Neurologist for evaluation and appropriate investigative studies like EEG (Electro Encephalography) among others seem indicated.

The entity of paroxysmal vertigo may present as a migraine aura, but the described timing appears briefer than usual. If these spells are frequent, a neurologist could evaluate and treat. Avoid driving until this is controlled