Does congestive heart failure takes years to develop?

There are many conditions that may contribute to heart failure, some are acute, such as a heart attack, where it takes minutes to hours, some are subacute, when it might take days to weeks, as many times seen in infections, however the majority of time the cause is chronic, hypertension/diabetes among the most common, when it takes years for full blown heart failure to develop.

Usually not. Some circumstances, e.g., heart attack can precipitate heart failure in a manner of minutes.