I went to a chiropractor for chronic, excruciating back pain. he told me i'm most likely dealing with disk/nerve damage. he started adjustments that make the pain so much worse. should i continue with the adjustments, or should i visit an orthopedic?

I would see an Orthopedic Dr to have full evaluation including MRI to determine exactly what the problem is. Stop the Adjustments until you have a diagnosis. Instability in the spinal bones may need to be addressed in order to prevent damage to your spinal cord and associated nerves.

Since your chiropractor appears to be making no progress, as indicated by your comment "make the pain so much worse", it appears risky at best to continue this approach. Agree that you need an MD or DO licensed and experienced physician to evaluate your symptoms and provide a diagnosis and recommendations.