Safety, sezuire alon: What type of seizure do you have, do the medications control the episodes? yes, somewhat, no. Do you get prodromes? like flying objects, nausea, dizziness, etc. Concerning the type of PS, there is a marked overlap between findings reported by various groups, thus giving support to “what happens” during the pre-ictal phase from the clinical point of view. Most prodromes belong to the group of neuropsychiatric modifications, such as behavioral, mood and cognitive changes. The subtle nature of these symptoms, in contrast to other more overt clinical phenomena like motor manifestations, could explain why the recognition of prodromes has not been so easy, and why research in this area has not been more extensive in the past. Among mood changes, depressive symptoms are by far more frequent than elation symptoms. This is also in accordance with other authors’ findings. Interestingly, such concordant observations have been made using quite different approaches, including scales applied during long-term monitoring and phenomenological strategies. An increased appetite, polyuria, diarrhea, pallor and/or coldness were found to be common transitory symptoms associated to impending seizures. These PS have not been described in other surveys. Methodological issues, mainly the application of a semi-structured protocol in our study, specifically searching for this type of symptoms, may explain the results. On the other hand, headaches have not been found to be so frequent in our study as in other surveys. The duration of prodromes in this population was reported to be quite prolonged. This fact not only clearly distinguishes them from auras, but it also means that the identification of PS in certain patients provides a period of several hours for potential interventions to avoid an impending seizure. A significant number of patients (50%) reported that prodromes would not fade away until the seizure occurred, thus stressing their pre-ictal character and suggesting the presence of a developing process that ends up with a seizure It should be noticed that in some patients PS may begin even earlier than our arbitrarily defined 24-h time window. Prodromal symptoms must be distinguished from auras, which unequivocally belong to the seizure period. Consequently, the latter were not taken into account in the present study. The time profile helped us to clearly differentiate auras from PS, which typically lasted several hours. Considering their prevalence and their potential value in seizure anticipation, prodromal symptoms should be routinely assessed in the anamnesis of epileptic patients in daily clinical practice. From a clinical perspective, the identification of prodromal symptoms, although less accurate than EEG algorithms in temporal terms, would offer a longer time window for a broader range of therapeutic possibilities. Treatment modalities could then vary from preventive measures, such as avoiding potentially risky activities, to pharmacological or behavioral interventions. Furthermore, a deeper knowledge of the mechanisms underlying prodromes may allow the design of specific “anti-ictogenic” drugs and/or neurostimulation paradigms, capable of interrupting the pre-ictal cascade.
Answered 11/27/2017
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Some advice: Avoid driving, activities at heights, use of power equipment, and no baths or swimming alone. After awareness resumes, find comfortable spot and stay still for about 10-15 minutes. Might later sip some non-caffeinated green tea. Better yet, discuss with your neurologist using a different drug regimen, and even the use of a VNS device.
Answered 5/16/2016
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