What are the long-term psychological effects of having been kidnapped earlier in lfie?

Kidnapping: In some cases the criteria for post traumatic stress disorder could easily be met, especially if the person became symptomatic during and after the kidnapping occurred and nothing was done about it. Hypervigilance, mistrust of relationships, paranoia, just to name a few.

Potential problems: Long term effects will depend on the ego strength of the victim. Unresolved emotional distress from this sort of trauma may include trust issues, difficulty relating to others, posttraumatic stress symptoms, emotional stunting, hypersensitivity, hyper awareness, nightmares, dissociation, etc. Some dysfunctional personality traits have been associated with early-life trauma as well.