Could i have a torn lateral meniscus and a fractured vertebrae (spondylylosis) at the same time?

Sure: One is a knee problem the other two are unrelated back conditions many seniors have spondylosis before the fall that causes the fracture and are one twisting knee injury away from a torn lateral meniscus some meniscal tears are degenerative and are present without injury no reason you can't have all three at once.

Yes.: You can, but the two are unrelated.