Smoking: Cigarette smoking is major risk factor (50-80% of cancers, risk associated with duration and intensity) ● arylamines (2-naphthylamine) and aniline dyes ● in developing countries, schistosoma haematobium ova are deposited in bladder wall and cause chronic inflammation, squamous metaplasia, dysplasia; 70% of tumors are squamous cell carcinoma. Symptoms are painless hematuria, urinary obstruction.
Answered 12/14/2012
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