What type of training programs for doctors have to do with sports medicine?

Fellowship: After med school/ residency a 1-2 year fellowship is required. There are 2 distinct categories: surgical/ non-surgical. Surgical is orthopedics specializing in repair of ligaments/ cartilage/ broken bones. Non-surgical has a broader scope including the treatment of musculoskeletal injuries, concussions, heat related disorders, cardiac conditions and other medical conditions related to athletes.

Orthopaedics and: Family practice docs typically practice sports medicine. Requires 4 years of medical school and either orthopaedic surgery residency (5years) or family practice residency (3years) and then 1 year sports medicine fellowship. Ortho does surgery, family practice takes care of the whole athlete, non-surgical.

Fellowship: Fellowship is 1+ yrs additional training in sports medicine, following residency (3-5 yrs, physiatry, orthopaedics, family medicine, er, or internal medicine), which follows medical school (4 years).