Can benign lung nodules cause problems in the lung?

No: Benign lung nodules are present on ct scan in a large minority of the population, perhaps even more than 50% in some areas, and depending upon how you define "nodules". They do not impair your lung function.

Yes: Benign means whatever is causing the nodule will not spread. However, the nodule can grow in size, impinge on, or erode into nearby structures and cause symptoms.