What is stage 1 rectal cancer treatment risk?

Can need colostomy.: Athis is where the cancer does not go past the muscle layer. Surgery can treat this but there are risks. Surgery can be through the abdomen with or without surgery on the anus. The first way might need a temporary or permanent colostomy, an opening for expulsion of waste. The other way requires a permanent colostomy. Surgery may be done that just involves the anus, but that risks recurrence.

Surgery complication: Stage 1 rectal cancer can be treated with surgery alone. Infection, bleeding and a need for a second surgery to rejoin intestines, fix hernias or fix a leak in the colon are the surgery related risks. These complications occur in 20-30% overall. The benefit is cure from cancer.