I am taking clomid (clomiphene) and needing to take the progesterone test. does the cycle day you ovulate matter as far as when you need to take the test?

Yes: But check with your doctor. If he/she wants you to do a progesterone test then they will want you to do it at a particular time. If their instructions have not been clear then you need to check with them to answer this question

To some extent: The progesterone level is elevated only after ovulation, so a check of the progesterone level needs to be done after ovulation. About cycle day 24 to 26 is a reliable time because it is well after ovulation and the progesterone level will clearly be up (if ovulation did happen), but also is at least several days before the menses is due, when the progesterone level will have dropped back down.