Is there anything other than oral thrush that can make your tongue white and hurt?

Yes: There are several causes of a white sore tongue. The only way to get a diagnosis and proper treatment is to see a dentist for a exam. The sooner you see a dentist the sooner your problem can be treated.

Yes: Any of a number of viral, bacterial, or fungal over growths, systemic diseases, allergic responses. Go see your dentist. Take a complete list of your meds with you.