Does vitamin d treat pain?

Yes: There actually is evidence that vitamin d can reduce inflammation directly, and can be used to alleviate pain. Since the general population is getting less vitamin d than optimal, there are many disorders that are being influenced and helped by vitamin d. It's not the silver bullet that will fix everything, but a daily 1000iu dose can only help.

Not immediately but.: Severe vitamin d deficiency can cause bone/muscle pain. So obviously long term solution to treat such pain is to treat the deficiency with vit d under medical supervision. But vit d cannot provide immediate pain relief.