What is pseudointimal hyperplasia?what is the treatment for it?

Thickening : Of the inside of a graft or stent. Treatment would vary depending on type and place of graft and degree of closure.

Restenosis: This is the process by which stented arteries may narrow, or restenose. It is cause by accumulation of myofibroblasts at the stent site, and may cause stent failure at any arterial site, such as coronary arteries. Treatment is difficult, without simply placing another stent. Prevention is attempted by use of novel stent material.

Cell layer in stent: This usually refers to deposition of a cellular layer or layers (endothelial cells) which the body produces typically inside a stent in an artery. It can also occur in the veins of patients on dialysis because of high flow in the veins related to dialysis access. It can produce significant narrowing of the vessel where it occurs. Treatments vary depending on the situation.

Excellent question: This is the reactive process by the vascular system to injury, the smooth muscle of the media proliferates and causes narrowing of the lumen carrying blood. Drug eluting stents, beta emitting stents, covered stent grafts have been released for use to help combat this response by the body. If you find the silver bullet to stop this process, you would probably win the nobel prize for medicine.