Can scleral buckle surgery permanently alter your vision?

Yes: A scleral buckle is a band applied around the middle of the eye to force the retina inside to attach itself and not come off. It also changes the front to back length of the eye which induces myopia. If the surgery went well and the detachment not too severe, the effect will be to make the eye more myopic. The other variable is the extent of the detachment which also can change the vision.