How to know what is anesthesia and what does it do?

Depends: General anesthesia is a state of unconsciousness and lack of pain awareness. Monitored anesthesia care is known as "twilight anesthesia" and is a semi-conscious state where you may have some awareness and sensations.

See below: Anesthesia is a procedure by which your body is put into a deep sleep. This is usually done by chemicals that affect the brain in order to induce sleep. There are various theories by the exact systems that are used to do this, but no one knows the exact mechanism.

What is anesthesia: There are several different types. General anesthesia is when you are given meds that put you to sleep to the point that your breathing, blood pressure and heart rate must be controlled. Sedation is anesthesia where you are given drugs that put you to sleep, but you breath on your own and are arousable regional anesthesia/epidural/spinal is when you are made numb in a targeted part of your body.

Anesthesia: In simple terms anesthesia is the application of several different techniques to offer patients a comfortable experience while undergoing what would be an uncomfortable procedure.