What would be the most common causes and treatment for swollen fingers in the elderly?

See details: It is most commonly related to osteoarthritis. See a doctor to be sure. Try tylenol (acetaminophen) for pain relief until then.

See below: If the fingers are bony and do not feel spongy or swollen, then osteoarthritis would be the cause. However if they feel like they have fluid around the joints, the patient could have an inflammatory arthritis such as rheumatoid the treatment varies depending on the type of arthritis and the patient's underlying health conditions. Consider seeing a rheumatologist for further evaluation.