Why does drinking cold and hot water cause pain where my tooth was extracted?

Unknown: Could be an adjacent tooth, could be the inflamed tissue at the extraction site. Your dentist knows your mouth the best... give them a call for a follow up if you are uncomfortable.

Need more info: Need information that only you and your dentist can provide. How long ago was the surgery. Is area healing well. Is there damage to adjacent teeth (such as decalcification/old fillings/cavities/fractures). Do you have gum recession. How complex was the extraction. And so forth. Contact ther practitioner that knows you best, your Dentist, for specific answers.