How is exophthalmos related to thyroid dysfunction?

High thyroid hormone: Graves Disease is an autoimmune disease that causes high levels of thyroid hormone. In addition to causing thyroid levels to elevate, Graves Disease causes an inflammatory process of the orbital tissues, predominantly affecting the fat and the extra ocular muscles however the deposition of glycosaminoglycans and the influx of water increase the orbital contents causing the eyes to bulge.

Exophthalmos: Bulging eyes is a symptom of Graves Disease. This is autoimmune hyperthyroidism. The autoantibodies cross tear with proteins in the eye muscles and blind the eye to cause swelling which pushed the eyeball out of the socket.