Can ceftriaxone cause anaphylactic shock despite that it is used time and again already?

Yes, but: Kind of rare still, you need to avoid the medicine and cephalosporins for now, the diagnosis should be revised and analyzed, some detective work need to be performed to make sure that it was truly the ceftriaxone that caused the reaction and not something else. A note of allergies on the patient's chart should be flagged till sorted out, good luck