Very rarely: ASD surgery is usually very successful. There are some types of ASD that are more challenging, and there is a higher risk of having a small residual defect. While not a complete closure, small residual defects are not considered failures.
Answered 9/22/2016
6.3k views
Device closure: Is the standard now. It has a very high success rate (in our series >95%) the remainder are referred to surgery with a 100% success rate.
Answered 10/11/2013
5.7k views
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