Can having nephrocalcinosis eventually cause you to have a kidney transplant

Yes: If your kidney stones back up your kidneys enough or cause recurrent infections, you could end up losing enough function to require going on dialysis or receiving a transplant.

Unusual but possible: Nephrocalcinosis means calcifications in the kidneys. As with any disease or metabolic problem there are many degrees of severity. This can be a component of a pathology called medullary sponge kidney, but it rarely progress to renal failure. Such patients need their blood calcium and parathyroid hormone checked.