There are no: Hard & fast rules when it comes to this. The #s you are referring to are the number of cardiac cycles before bubbles are seen on the left side of the heart. 3-4 favors pfo over intrapulomnary shunting (late passage).
Answered 3/29/2013
5.5k views
Need more info: If the echo didn't identify the problem, you may need additional imaging (mri), or more likely a cardiac catheterization. They will likely confirm the diagnosis and maybe even correct the problem (depending on what it is).
Answered 3/29/2013
5.2k views
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