Can corneal abrasion cause astigmatism?

Usually not: Corneal abrasions are superficial defects in the clear layer of cells on top of the cornea called the epithelium. These usually heal without problems - possibly recurrent erosion. Deeper injuries such as lacerations and perforations can most definitely induce astigmatism - sometimes being difficult to correct with glasses.

No: Unless they cause corneal scarring (can lead to irregular astigmatism), but typically they heal ok if the eye health is good and lids are in place.