How do surgeons reconstruct the breast after mastectomy?

Implants v. "Flaps": In general, there are two different techniques for reconstruction following a mastectomy. In one, tissue expanders are placed under the chest wall muscles and then are slowly expanded over months until "new" skin forms; they are then removed and replaced by implants. The other technique involves transferring tissue from one part of the body such as the abdominal wall or back to the chest wall.

Different ways: Reconsruction can be done simultaneous with the mastectomy or as a delayed procedure. Breast implants can be used as one method. Alternative methods include different types of muscle flaps such as tram flap, latismus dorsi flap, diep flap, etc... The choice of reconstruction should be discussed with the involved plastic surgeon to determine what option is the best choice for the patient.

Several options: Breast reconstruction uses the patient's own tissue (from another part of the body) or a breast implant. More than 1 surgery is usually needed to complete the reconstruction. The degree of scarring, recovery and risks vary depending on the technique used. The nipple and areola can also be reconstructed. Some patients also have surgery on the other breast for best symmetry.

2 main ways: Either with a tissue expander followed by an implant reconstruction, or with your own body tissues such as abdomen or back. Each method has its advantages and disadvantages. Not everyone can have the option of choosing between the two methods. There should be a thorough evaluation and a good amount of time spent with your plastic surgeon and oncologist to find the best option.

Many options: There are a variety of options for breast reconstruction. However, its best to think of them in 2 categories: either using tissue expanders and breast implants or using tissue from your own body. Examples including using the muscle of your lower abdomen or back muscle. Using implants are a more common method however. Its a very individualized decision between you and your surgeon.