HIV TRANSMISSION: HIV is transmitted virtually by "exchange" of body fluids, from an infected person to a noninfected person. Usual means include sexual intercourse, IV injection with used needles., acquiring splash of blood onto a cut or onto mucus membranes, or cross contamination with blood transfusion.
Answered 11/7/2014
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No quick answer: Much too complex to answer here, especiallyin HealthTap's 400 character limit. By unprotected vaginal or anal sex, or intimate blood contact like sharing needles for drug use. It isn't diagnosed by routine STD or pap tests; a special HIV test is necessary. Symptoms too many to list, but often none at all until severe AIDS appears. Many online resources; start with CDC at http://www.cdc.gov/hiv/
Answered 9/29/2016
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