What type of kidney condition causes quick and painful water retention of the hands after drinking only one can of caffeinated soda?

Fluid retention: I do not believe there is a connection between any kidney condition and painful quick water retention into hands after 12 oz soda; if you had nephrotic syndrome, water retention is generalized and hands swell, but one 12 oz drink would not bring on major symptoms

None: Unfortunately, they are unrelated. Do you have any other associated symptoms, as this may not be a kidney problem?