If a young person used marijuana around 10 times then stopped forever, could their brain recover?

Yes: We are designed to "remember" and young brains are particularly sensitive ..That being said to be concerned about irreversible brain injury from short term use as described i think is highly unlikely and is even less likely to be able to be objectively measured. Long term use clearly is problematic for immature brains. Case histories of "induced" major mental illness are just that.