M south indian.i wonder before anesthesia were discovered how surgeries were performed?

Tough it out: Before anesthesia, surgeons worked very quickly to finish the operation before the patient passed out or died. They might have provided something for the patient to bite down on, such as a piece of wood. It wasn't pretty.

With difficulty!: Relatively few surgeries were performed before the discovery of anesthesia, and then only in the most dire circumstances such as amputation of a limb after a serious injury, or a c-section for a mother about to die in labor. Patients were sedated with alcohol, or sometimes ice was used to dull feeling. Anesthesia made it possible to do complex surgery without pain and the need for great haste.

Very painfully: No joke. Surgery before anesthesia was terrible. It was done very quickly, was extremely uncomfortable for the patient and only done under extreme emergency situations. The risk of dying from infection or shock was very high. Surgery as we know it really came about after the invention of anesthesia medications and antibiotics.

Painfully: Before anesthesia, there weren't a lot of surgeries performed. Nothing elective was done. It was a desperate last resort procedure to a life threatening condition. Patients were brought in, strapped down and it was done. Different substances were tried to relieve the suffering, like alcohol, marijuana, sleeping pills, hypnosis...It was a brutal time.