Can colon resection(~25cm)lead after few days to complications(e.g.arteriosclerosis) and eventually to total colectomy within 10days?is that frequent?

Deoends: I do not have enough information. Why was the first colon surgery - cancer? Colon surgery does not cause arteriosclerosis but diabetes, high blood pressure, obesity ; elevated cholesterol can. Surgery risks are increased with increased age, diabetes, high bp... If there was already vascular disease before the first surgery, bleeding, anemia, bowel obstruction, emergency surgery...= increased risks.