I've been feeling the adrenalin surge in my stomach many times a day for weeks because iam very stressed. how could this affect my health?

Yes and NO: I see you have a thyroid nodule, anxiety & feelings you describe could very well be a result of that, hyperthyroidism is associated with elevated levels of anxiety. Anxiety if persists (chronic anxiety) it may be associated with increased risk of heart disease amongst other consequences. The good news is there is treatment for anxiety & it is effective. But first see pcp& get your thyroid checked.