Can high blood pressure or high sugar cause floaters in your vision?

Yes.: Both conditions can be associated with floaters and othe optic symptoms. Perhaps even a touch of glaucoma or cataracts.

Not typically!: If the blood pressure really goes high, where it starts causing damage, then there might be black spots that are fixed, but not floating! one may have much fluctuations in vision from high glucose and of coarse in very advanced stages both the high pressures and sugars can cause bleeding in the eye which would be floaters! but that is typically after many years of neglect!