What research is currently going on?

Into everything: Needs huge answer. Research currently going on in every specialty and every organ system. Into every kind of cancer for diagnosis and treatment. At present into stem cell research and tissue engineering. Into devices to replace limbs or organs. Tissue and organ transplantation. Basic research into the function and behaviour of single cells, bacteria and viruses.

Unsolved problems: Alzheimer's and other degenerative and traumatic neurological conditions, organ failure and replacement, degenerative joint diseases, antiviral and antineoplastic therapies, diabetes, malaria, obesity - name any medical problem for which we have no adequate therapy, and it's being aggressively researched.