I am curious if an ent doctor patches up a hole in my ear drum, can i still use earbuds and earplugs?

Yes once healed: Once the surgery has healed, it will be possible for you to use the earbuds and plugs with modest volume. Wait until you get the go ahead from your surgeon, .

Sure: Once it's healed up - no limitations. No other objects though (q-tips etc do not belong into your ear canal - may penetrate/damage the eardrum again).

Yes: Ear buds and ear plugs cannot reach your ear drum so they are safe.