Does chronic use of diclofenac sodium leads to kidney failure?

Very unlikely: In my experience, patients who have normal kidney function at the beginning of therapy do not develop any compromises in kidney function with longer term use. That said, anything is possible. Because of this, your doctor will likely order periodic lab work to screen for any drug-related problems so the med can be stopped before any permanent damage occurs.

Rarely: Any anti-inflammatory agent can result in kidney failure if not adequately monitored. Renal function (and other laboratory measures) should be evaluated at least every 3 months and dehydration avoided.