What are the causes of macular degeneration?

Number of factors: Macular degeneration (amd) is primarily an age-related disease (age 50+), but there are genetic and environmental factors that contribute to age of onset and severity. Risk factors for cardiovascular disease (stroke, heart attack) are also risk factors for amd. Smoking is the top modifiable risk factor. Of course, there is a lot we still don't understand about amd.

Nature and nurture: This is the billion dollar question that is being answered by researchers across the globe. Generally, it is becoming evident that there are multiple genes involved in macular degenerations - both age related and other types. In addition to genetics, however, we know that there are some vital environmental factors that play a role. This includes photo-oxidation, antioxidant consumption and more.

Vitamins lifestyle: Macular degeneration is thought to occur from aging, exposure to uv radiation, exposure to toxins (smoking) and "pre-programmed" by genetics (family and race). You can lessen your risk by am early eye exam, don't smoke, shield your exposure from uv and follow your doctor's advice for nutrition and vitamins based on your age and exam. No prescribed drug yet.

Genetics: The predisposition for macular degeneration is inherited. It is a very complex disease with several, if not many genetic mutations contributing to risk. Additionally, there are other health factors that modulate disease risk. Most importantly nutrition, but also life style (smoking=bad), etc. Rule of thumb: if something is thought to be good for the heart, it probably also reduces amd risk.