If i breathe in dirt/ dust from changing window screen how sick can i get? i immediately felt particles in nose and now head is hurting along with between eyebrows?

The tubes in your airways are lined with a coating of mucus that traps these dust particles and eventually removes them from the lungs. The system can be overwhelmed, triggering a bronchitis or other issues but the cited exposure seems unlikely to do so. Don't over think it.

The dust exposure described will not result in any lasting damage. For healthy diet: http://www.choosemyplate.gov/., exercise30 minutes/day, drink enough water daily so your urine is mostly colorless, have safe sex, no tobacco alcohol weed or street drugs. Get HPV vaccine. Wish you good health! Safe sex: https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/wellness-and-prevention/safer-sex-guidelines